Tag Archive for 'Obesity'

Sleep deprivation may lead to diabetes or obesity

Published on April 23, 2012 in Health and Wellness. 0 Comments Tags: , , , , , , , .

Make sure you get plenty of rest or you could be putting yourself at risk for becoming obese, or even getting diabetes. According to a new study in the Journal Science Translational Medicine, lack of sleep to a lower metabolic rate, leading to weight gain and possibly diabetes.

The researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston discovered that disturbed sleep patterns increased blood sugar levels and   slowed  down the body’s metabolic rate, which is the rate at which the body burns calories while at rest.

By imitating jet lag and normal shift work sleep hours over a course of time, this study was the first to observe sleep behaviors in an totally controlled laboratory environment.

Earlier studies revealed that shift workers were at increased risk for obesity and diabetes due to their disrupted sleep patterns and unhealthy eating habits.

The CDC claims that around 40 percent of people in the U.S. do not get adequate sleep during any given month.

Diabetes has doubled over the past three decades

Published on March 23, 2012 in Health and Wellness. 0 Comments Tags: , , .

Diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar in the blood.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both.

A recent study has found that the number of diabetes cases has soared to around 347 million, more than doubling over the past thirty years.

Since diabetes usually hits around middle age, most of the rise is due to the aging population and population growth, but some of the increase is due to mounting obesity rates.

Experts have reported that the disease is no longer just a problem in richer countries but is now a world-wide concern, since it is a growing obstacle just about everywhere.

Majid Ezzati, chair of global environmental health at Imperial College London and one of the study authors, said “diabetes may well become the defining issue of global health for the next decade.” He also brought up the fact that the numbers don’t take into account all the overweight children and young adults who haven’t reached middle age. This could later cause an immense burden on our health care systems. He claimed, “we are not at the peak of this wave yet and unlike high blood pressure and cholesterol, we still don’t have great treatments for diabetes.”

This said, in Britain and other places in Western Europe, in spite of increasing waistlines, there was just a small rise in diabetes. So far experts are not sure why this is and believe there could be many reasons such as inadequate detection of the disease, genetic differences or maybe that Europeans are better at helping overweight people decrease their chances of developing diabetes.

The most common type of diabetes is Type 2 and it is usually related to obesity. It emerges when the body isn’t able to make enough insulin to break down glucose, thus raising blood sugar levels. Diet, exercise and medication can help manage the disease, but dangerously high blood sugar damages nerves, which can result in kidney disease, amputation and even blindness.

To acquire their estimate, Ezzati and his colleagues examined over 150 national health surveys and studies tracking Type 2 diabetes in adults over 25 in 199 countries and territories. They figured that there were around 347 million people with diabetes around the globe. An earlier study in 2010, that used different methods, estimated there were 285 million with diabetes. There were 153 million found in 1980, but these figures came with a large margin of error, which ranged from 314 to 382 million.

Doctors are concerned that the higher inclinations of some groups such as Asians, black and Hispanics to diabetes, could substantially escalate rates in the future. Although this is very disheartening, some doctors and researchers are optimistic that the depressing trend could possibly be reversed. Michelle Obama’s fight against childhood obesity is one step in the right direction.

 

Three new weight loss drugs to be reviewed by FDA

Published on July 12, 2010 in Health and Wellness. 0 Comments Tags: , , , , , , .

We are all holding our breath that maybe one or all three of these new weight loss drugs will help many be successful in losing weight without those unwelcome, and sometimes dangerous side effects. Doctors, investors and dieters will be allowed to take in their first observation of the new drugs this week.

These are the first new prescription drugs to come out in more than ten years. Since U.S. obesity rates are close to 35 percent of the adult population, the anticipation is very high. Even a drug that is somewhat effective is very exciting.

However, not one of the three drugs seems to be on the brink of a major success in research. Not much success has come from the makers of drugs when it comes to comprehending and treating the triggers of overeating. With two of the drugs presented for approval, drugs that are already out there were joined together – an anticonvulsant and an amphetamine – but not without troubling side effects. The third drug is a safer medication but seems to be less effective.

Safety issues have always been a problem for decades in the never-ending search for a successful breakthrough weight loss drug. Perhaps the most memorable one was the Wyeth’s diet pill drug combination fen-phen. It was taken off the market in 1997 due to its connection with heart valve damage and lung problems.

The review of Vivus Inc.’s pill Qnexa will be posted by the FDA July 12 and they will hold a public meeting July 14 to review the data. Orexigen Therapeutics Inc.’s Contrave is to be reviewed in October and Aren Pharmaceuticals Inc.’s lorcaserin is to be reviewed in December.

In clinical trials, Qnexa was the winner with the best weight loss results in clinical trials. In this trial, patients lost between 13 and 15 percent of their body weight. On the down side, this drug had the most amount of patients quitting due to undesirable side effects, which included memory and concentration problems.

N.C. is ranked as the 10th-fattest state

Published on July 9, 2010 in Health and Wellness. 0 Comments Tags: , , , , , .

According to an annual report released on June 29 by the advocacy group Trust for America’s Health, North Carolina is weighs in at 10th place for it’s amount of people who are obese or overweight. South Carolina was just under N.C. in the 9th place.

This year’s report revealed that twenty-nine percent of people in North Carolina are obese, which means that one has a body-mass index of 30 or more; 29.9 percent of South Carolinians are considered obese.

Embarrassing to us southerners, all but one of the 10 fattest states are in the South, with Michigan as the only exception. It tied with North Carolina for 10th place. Also of great concern is the fact that almost 19 percent of N.C. children and 15 percent of S.C. children are obese. Obesity rates have risen in 27 states, including North Carolina. It seems to be more common in poor people, blacks Hispanics and women.

At least 20 diseases are caused or aided by obesity. The two main diseases induced by obesity are diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Hypertension may be a culprit in developing dementia

Published on January 27, 2010 in Health and Wellness. 0 Comments Tags: , , , , , , , .

New research has found that one of the best ways to keep from getting dementia is to control your blood pressure.

During the study, scientists scanned the brains of people to reveal that hypertension causes some kind of scarring that is related to the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. The scars can begin to form in middle age, years before memory problems are apparent.

The new evidence is so strong that the National Institutes of Health is planning on studying thousands of people with hypertension to see if vigorous treatment will help protect their hearts and their brains. This aggressive treatment will involve getting blood pressure lower than normal recommendations.

The largest factor for Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia is age. Dementia affects about one in eight people who are 65 and older.

For a long time now, scientists knew that many of the triggers for heart disease such as obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes appear to increase the chances for getting dementia. This said, they thought that the link was with “vascular dementia”, which are memory problems related to small strokes; not the frightening Alzheimer’s disease. Now, specialists are finding that many patients have a mixture of both types of dementia.

Having hypertension, which is a blood pressure reading of 140 over 90 or higher, weakens arteries and  also seems to spur Alzheimer’s disease-like activity. One culprit could be the scarring known as white matter lesions. White matter works like the brain’s telephone network with a system of  nerve fibers that permit the brain cells to communicate with each other. Unfortunately even small increases in blood pressure can cause harm to the tiny blood vessels that sustain the white matter. This damage causes interruptions to those signals.

The new studies found that MRI scans revealed that women 65 and older with hypertension had notably more white matter lesions in their brains eight years later. The journal Stroke just published comparable evidence from a John Hopkins University-led study that observed 983 people for more than 15 years, beginning in middle age. The results showed that the more time people spent with uncontrolled high blood pressure, the more white matter harm they incurred.

All this said, hypertension by itself doesn’t mean one is condemned to get dementia. There are far more people with hypertension than dementia; about one in three adults in the U.S.

New scar-free obesity surgery is being tested

Published on June 4, 2009 in Health and Wellness. 0 Comments Tags: , , .

Doctors are currently working on a cutting-edge type of obesity surgery that does not require any cuts in the abdomen. It is performed by feeding a tube about the thickness of a garden hose down the throat in order to snap staples into the stomach.

This preliminary, scar-free method fabricates a more slender passage that slows the movement of food as it goes from the top of the stomach to the bottom part of the stomach. This helps patients feel fuller faster, so they end up eating less.

Doctors are happy with the encouraging experimental results so far from 200 patients in the U.S. and 100 in Europe.

Dr. Gregg Nishi, a Cedars-Sinai Medical Center surgeon in Los Angeles, said that an average of around 45 percent body weight has been lost from obese European patients, after only 18 months. He talked about the studies this week during a conference for digestive disease specialists in Chicago. Currently the procedure is only being performed in studies. The enrollment for this new study has just recently ended.

Nishi indicated that the results up to this point are moderately better than the usual stomach stapling method. One of the risks is perforation of the esophagus, which actually occurred in a patient at one of the centers. Apart from that, he said that there are no other complications.

An administrative coordinator at Cedars-Sinai, Lillian Gomez, was one of the first Americans to have the new scar-less surgery last year. She was going to have the surgery that is usually performed, until she learned that doctors at her hospital were experimenting with the innovative technique.

Gomez had her surgery in August and has lost 40 pounds since then, going from a size 22 to a size 16. She is still obese according to body mass index standards, but she has reduced the size of her meals by more than half and still feels full. She is confident that she will continue to lose weight.

This new scar-free surgery is part of a medical progression to conduct surgery through body openings instead of making incisions. The goal is to reduce recovery time and decrease the risks for infection.

Initially, Gomez had thought about getting a gastric bypass operation, which is a more complex and invasive procedure that raises the risk for malnutrition, because it repositions where the stomach attaches to the intestines. There is another popular weight-loss surgery option in which an adjustable band is applied to the top part of the stomach to help the patient feel fuller faster.

Although surgery is usually a last resort option for obese patients, more than 200,000 Americans are predicted to undergo the conventional types of obese surgery this year, according to the American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery.

Get kids to bed earlier, to ward off obesity

Published on May 10, 2009 in Health and Wellness. 0 Comments Tags: , , , .

Everyone knows that diet and exercise are very effective ways to keep childhood obesity at bay. The latest research indicates that getting kids to go to bed earlier can help too. A study done by the University of Montreal showed that more than 25% of children who slept less than 10 hours a night were overweight by age 6, as compared to 15% who got 10 hours of sleep and only 10% who slept 11 hours. The difference may be from an increase in the production of a hormone that triggers appetite and a decrease in the hormone that decreases food intake – both resulting from loss of sleep. The good news for adults is that similar results were found in them as well.

Also, researchers in a Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center study found that kids who are overweight are possibly at an increased risk for chronic headaches. It was found that as kids lost weight, they came down with fewer headaches.

So what does a parent need to do? Well, first of all, urge your kids to get active by riding their bikes or getting involved in sports. As long as they are kept busy and active during the day, they’ll definitely be more ready to hit the sack at bedtime. Once they are in the habit of going to bed at a certain hour, they will be more tired and ready to go to bed at that time because their internal clock has changed.

Brown fat may be key element in future obesity treatments

Published on April 15, 2009 in Health and Wellness. 0 Comments Tags: , , , , .

We all know that there is both good and bad cholesterol. Now, it seems, there is good and bad fat as well. Scientists have long believed that this good fat was usually gone or inactive once adulthood is reached.

So what is so special about this fat? Well, it induces the body to burn calories so it can create body heat. This fat is important in infancy, because it helps to keep the newborn warm.

Recently researchers performing three separate studies – from Boston, Finland and the Netherlands – have found that some of the good fat remains in adulthood. This good fat affects metabolism and could possibly help people lose weight in the future.

An endocrinology and metabolism researcher at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Dr. Francesco Celi, announced that the studies reveal that this certain kind of fat burns substantial amounts of energy. He also said that this fat could be used in a pill that could rev up the fat.

Dr. Louis Aronne, former president of the Obesity Society and a weight control expert at Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York, proclaimed that the discoveries are the most convincing proof of the function of this fat in regulating body temperature and weight. He said that because the fat seems to be eliminating calories, it could possibly be used for a sort of ‘exercise-in-a-pill’ treatment. He also said that any treatment for obesity that is developed from this special fat could also be a possible treatment for diabetes.

This good fat is brownish in color, while the more prevalent fat is whitish or yellow. The neck and under the collarbone are the areas in which the brown fat is mostly stored. The waistline is the area that the white fat is mostly found. There it stores excess energy and releases chemicals that control metabolism and insulin use.

The existence and occurrences of the brown fat was recorded by the three research groups by looking at tissue samples taken from patients. High-tech imaging was used to reveal how much sugar and calories that the fat burned.

The New England Journal of Medicine published the results of these studies on Thursday, April 9, 2009.

Too much protein and fat could increase risk for developing diabetes

Published on April 8, 2009 in Health and Wellness. 0 Comments Tags: , , , , .

About 550,000 people suffer from diabetes and approximately 300,000 have pre-diabetes in North Carolina. People over age 65 and blacks tend to be more prone to this chronic disease. North Carolina has the 10th highest ratet of diabetes in the U.S.  The national average is 7.3 percent and it is 8.5 percent in North Carolina. The main killers of people with this disease are heart attacks and strokes. Diabetes also can cause kidney failure, blindness, depression, amputations, nerve damage and periodontal disease.

Even though diabetes has extensively increased in North Carolina and the U.S. over the last ten years, doctors are just now starting to figure out the mystery behind the intricate cycle of cellular occurrence that trigger the development of this persistent disease. Although a cure is not yet on the horizon, researchers are developing new targets for drug therapies.

Diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t make or successfully use insulin. Insulin is a hormone created in the pancreas which enables cells to convert sugars and starches for energy. People who are overweight have an increased chance of getting diabetes, because eating too much, and not exercising enough can exhaust the body’s capacity to use insulin. But important to mention is that not everyone who is heavy will develop the disease and not everyone with diabetes is overweight.

On April 7, a paper was published revealing that Duke University researchers have a new discovery that suggests that diabetes could be affected by protein and not sugary carbohydrates, which has long been thought of as the main culprit. The Duke researchers found that overweight people actually metabolize protein differently than leaner people, especially when it is part of a high-fat diet.

When too much protein and fat are eaten, the metabolic byproducts can not be totally absorbed, so they surge into the bloodstream. One of those byproducts is an enzyme that affects insulin sensitivity. A diet that is predominantly heavy in fat and protein causes the body to change to a different way of becoming insulin resistant.

Christopher Newgard, the director of the Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center at Duke and lead author of the study, said that protein is usually viewed as a good nutrient and it can be when people exercise and eat in moderation. The problem, she suggests, is the typical U.S. and Western society, where 65 percent are overweight due to a sedentary lifestyle and a diet that is too heavy in fat and protein.

Study compares the risks of smoking with being overweight

Published on March 10, 2009 in Health and Wellness. 0 Comments Tags: , , .

When the risks of obesity were compared with those of smoking, a substantial study performed in Europe over several decades has found that young overweight men at 18 were as likely to die at 60 as light smokers. Even more alarming is that obese teens, like heavy smokers, were at twice the risk of dying early.

While obesity is said to cause many health problems, these new discoveries conflict with a multitude of recent studies that revealed that people who are just overweight are not necessarily at an increased risk for an early death.

This new study, which was published in last week’s British Medical Journal, traced the death rates of 45,920 Swedish men over a period of 38 years. The researchers discovered that the obese men who signed up for the Swedish army in 1969  and 1970 were more than two times likely to be at risk of dying by age 60, than those of normal weight. This is almost the same accumulation in risk confronting those recruits who were of normal weight but smoked half a pack of cigarettes or more per day.

The study found that overweight recruits who did not smoke were about a third more likely to die early, an increase in risk that is almost the same as that for normal- weight men who smoked up to  10 cigarettes a day.

Martin Neovius, the first author of the study and a postdoctoral fellow at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, said “We know that health behaviors are established early on in life” so the message for teens is “If you already are smoking, then smoking cessation combined with weight maintenance counseling would probably be a good idea.”

Regardless of the expansiveness of the new study, some experts say that the findings may overemphasize the risks of being overweight. The researchers alluded to the fact that the weight of the men was known only when they enrolled in the military at age 18. Dr. David Williamson, a visiting professor at Emory University who has studied obesity and it’s effect on health, said that because most people gain weight as they get older, the overweight teens most likely went on to become obese adults, so their deaths may be attributed to being obese, not overweight earlier in their life.