Daytime bladder control usually occurs when children are between 2 and 4 years of age, but night-time dryness frequently happens much later. The American Academy of Pediatrics found that 15 to 30 percent of 6-year-olds and 4 percent of 12-year-olds are still wetting the bed occasionally.
There are a couple of reasons why children may still wet the bed at night. Some of these are:
- A small bladder volume
- Sleeping too deeply to detect the feeling of a full bladder
- Family history of bed-wetting
- Producing more urine
When a child is examined for bed-wetting or “nocturnal enuresis,” they usually first ask whether the child has ever developed night-time bladder control. If they have been dry at night for a six-month or more period in the past, this tells the doctor that there could be an undisclosed medical reason for this unexpected change. If the child never totally developed bladder control at night, it is called primary nocturnal enuresis.
The treatment for primary nocturnal enuresis entails reducing how much urine the child produces at night and teaching the child to awake to the feeling of a full bladder. Some basic actions would be to reduce the child’s consumption of liquids before bed, staying clear of caffeinated and carbonated drinks and waking them to urinate about an hour or two after they have been asleep.
If the child is still wetting the bed after these techniques are practiced, a bed-wetting alarm can be used. This alarm goes off when a child has urinated, waking the child up to go to the bathroom. These alarms have been highly successful when they are used on children who are at least 7 years old and have started to have some dry nights.
Also, a medication called DDAVP can be used in some cases. This medicine works by reducing urine production overnight, but it doesn’t cure bed-wetting due to some possible side effects. It is usually used for certain types of social situations like summer camp or sleepovers.
Sometimes nocturnal enuresis can be a sign of an underlying medical condition. If the child has pain with urination, lower extremity weakness, increased thirst or fever, or daytime accidents, they should be seen by a physician. More information is available about bed-wetting at www.aap.org. You may need to type “bed-wetting” in the search bar.